Rib pain referral patterns

Costovertebral (rib) joints are starting to be recognised as a source of pain. Mid-back pain is often misdiagnosed as either spinal (vertebral) pain or muscular pain. The figure below depicts pain referral patterns of various costovertebral joints – where the...

When Pain Persists

Persistent pain: It’s the same as if you ride a bike a lot, you get better at riding a bike. Play the piano a lot, you get better at it. Send danger messages a lot, you get better at it. That’s an adaptation, and the same thing occurs in the brain....

Squat Essentials

How you squat (or not) can yield valuable clinical information A properly executed squat uses a combination of several joints and muscles, including ankles, knees, hips, spine, abdominal muscles and tons of core strength! While a normal squat will follow normal...